tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6559187567647974532024-03-18T09:08:40.191-07:00AmericaView BlogTyler Ericksonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02304403253679244567noreply@blogger.comBlogger56125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-39882278856893744432015-10-05T14:43:00.001-07:002015-10-05T14:53:49.491-07:00AmericaView UAS teams respond to train derailmentVermontView and MinnesotaView were conducting joint Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) training in Vermont when they responded to an emergency request from the state to gather overhead imagery of a <a href="http://www.wcax.com/story/30187329/amtrak-vermonter-derailment-injures-7" target="_blank">train that derailed in Northfield, VT</a>. Within 45 minutes of the request the joint UAS team was headed to the site. The team immediately established a launch site, conducted flight operations, and then provided to the imagery to the incident commanders on the site. The imagery is being further processed to assist in the longer term recovery and investigation efforts.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEtEph0q_2bFA9A_UQXfX6w-z3-hplGYyutzDBTW_yZ-9DQQreOCQpsVfBaR39-xwZh9phPfVQPIldPyudqjj6OggnjM9pTFtLGpBbq_wq_AdrqXLbj5_w-5F1Hg0KcwoK8nocG78dmlIl/s1600/IMG_7192.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEtEph0q_2bFA9A_UQXfX6w-z3-hplGYyutzDBTW_yZ-9DQQreOCQpsVfBaR39-xwZh9phPfVQPIldPyudqjj6OggnjM9pTFtLGpBbq_wq_AdrqXLbj5_w-5F1Hg0KcwoK8nocG78dmlIl/s320/IMG_7192.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">UAS imagery of the train derailment.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The greatest strength of AmericaView is the network of remote sensing professionals who share knowledge and expertise. It is this network that enabled the sharing of UAS best practices, which in turn resulted in application of remote sensing technology to aid decision makers.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinVUQraNPyONM7vfPv4KWmp-n7UqUTozbAs559VUSLuQ2jgMNOclWYOetj8kHHcp0bxvJ0mah4hnCIljXjV7ddDifUGPQSJDjQ_YQnN0sNVZ5AgKdAwVvUIT3GHhvD7CZQJt0nfLONzYLP/s1600/IMG_0351.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinVUQraNPyONM7vfPv4KWmp-n7UqUTozbAs559VUSLuQ2jgMNOclWYOetj8kHHcp0bxvJ0mah4hnCIljXjV7ddDifUGPQSJDjQ_YQnN0sNVZ5AgKdAwVvUIT3GHhvD7CZQJt0nfLONzYLP/s320/IMG_0351.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The UAS team at the incident command post.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />Jarlath O'Neil-Dunnehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08554942198390184997noreply@blogger.com713tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-7928063583782716142015-02-24T10:50:00.000-08:002015-02-24T10:50:12.235-08:00AmericaView Announces New Board of DirectorsAmericaView wrapped up its winter business meeting with a new Board of Directors. <br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.nre.unh.edu/faculty/congalton" target="_blank">Russ Congalton </a>- University of New Hampshire<br />
<a href="http://kbs.ku.edu/directory/kevin-dobbs/" target="_blank">Kevin Dobbs</a> - University of Kansas<br />
<a href="http://www.mwsu.edu/profiles/viewperson.asp?profile=619" target="_blank">Rebecca Dodge</a> - Midwestern State University<br />
<a href="http://remotesensing.montana.edu/" target="_blank">Rick Lawrence</a> - Montana State University<br />
<a href="http://www.sdstate.edu/index/directory/directory-detail.cfm?view=detail&ci=1498" target="_blank">Mary O'Neil</a> - South Dakota State University<br />
<a href="http://www.uvm.edu/~joneildu/" target="_blank">Jarlath O'Neil-Dunne</a> - University of Vermont<br />
<a href="http://ung.edu/physics/faculty-staff-bio/jb-sharma.php" target="_blank">J.B. Sharma </a>- University of North Georgia<br />
<a href="http://cstars.metro.ucdavis.edu/people/coordinator/education-and-outreach-program-coordinator/" target="_blank">Pia van Bentham</a> - University of California at Davis<br />
<a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pub/brent-yantis/67/2b6/842" target="_blank">Brent Yantis</a> - University of Louisiana at LafayetteJarlath O'Neil-Dunnehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08554942198390184997noreply@blogger.com243tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-88364168923546664112015-02-23T06:10:00.002-08:002015-02-23T06:10:20.162-08:00Frozen UAS tourSeveral AmericaView members participated in the "Frozen UAS Tour" back in January. Head on over to the <a href="http://wgl.asprs.org/2015/01/january-8-9-2015-frozen-uas-tour-blows-grand-forks-north-dakota/" target="_blank">Western Great Lakes Region ASPRS blog</a> for more info.Jarlath O'Neil-Dunnehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08554942198390184997noreply@blogger.com195tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-64136104333541727922014-11-17T10:08:00.000-08:002014-11-17T10:08:13.653-08:00Program on Citizen Science and Climate Assessment <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><strong><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">An upcoming program explores Citizen Science Contributions to the
National Climate Assessment (</span></strong><strong><span style="color: firebrick; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">November 18, 2014,
2:00-4:30pm EST</span></strong><strong><span style="color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">)</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"></span></strong><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">Speakers include
Virginia Burkett from the USGS and Richard Spinrad from NOAA. Speakers will explore
ways in which crowd-based approaches can be used to track climate change and
support indicators or indicator systems. The program will be streamed live.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt;">For
more information, Twitter links, and for a Webcast link:</span></div>
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<a href="http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/tracking-changing-climate-citizen-science-contributions-to-the-national-climate-assessment">http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/tracking-changing-climate-citizen-science-contributions-to-the-national-climate-assessment</a></div>
DDeagenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08806792474389450515noreply@blogger.com127tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-64051301158092436432014-07-13T13:10:00.002-07:002014-07-13T13:10:59.666-07:00Vermont Remote Sensing WorkshopThis past week <a href="http://www.uvm.edu/rsenr/sal/vermontview/" target="_blank">VermontView</a> held its first remote sensing workshop. Over 20 participants from around the state attended. They came from federal, state, and local government, higher education, non-profit groups, and the commercial sector. The workshop was particularly valuable for government employees, who having been subjected to rather substantial budget restrictions over the last several years, have seen their ability to attend professional events severely curtailed.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio0K-FbEI9JXYEnodkp4o_QPiWmxq2i4ladmCm5Bo-igpDNDYUjZq_O1lIY42rTAtiEXXI9IrxhjHhspF6mIKwHi2hsnTMfz9KpD8XQyBCzDpJm2iGG5hVmlARld28bQoQWIIXJJF5exlQ/s1600/IMG_20140709_120642_608.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio0K-FbEI9JXYEnodkp4o_QPiWmxq2i4ladmCm5Bo-igpDNDYUjZq_O1lIY42rTAtiEXXI9IrxhjHhspF6mIKwHi2hsnTMfz9KpD8XQyBCzDpJm2iGG5hVmlARld28bQoQWIIXJJF5exlQ/s1600/IMG_20140709_120642_608.jpg" height="180" width="320" /></a></div>
The first day of the workshop centered on imagery. Participants were give a variety of exercises taht focused on building effective remote sensing workflows for processing and analyzing imagery, with a particular focus on Landsat, the Vermont orthophotos, and NAIP. All of those attending the workshop use imagery such as the Vermont orthophotos and NAIP on a daily basis, but understanding the power of multi-temporal Landsat imagery was new to them. Some of the regional planners in attendance remarked at how useful Landsat would be for illustrating change in the communities they serve.<br />
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The second day of the workshop focused on LiDAR. Thanks to USGS funding the amount of LiDAR coverage in the state is on the rise, but due to the complexity of the data it remains underutilized. Participants had a chance to dig into LiDAR point clouds, generate various LiDAR surface models, and perform advanced analysis using <a href="http://appliedimagery.com/" target="_blank">Quick Terrain Modeler</a>. We wrapped up the session by integrating imagery and LiDAR to automatically extract features using <a href="http://www.ecognition.com/" target="_blank">eCognition</a>. Despite being new to object-based image analysis (OBIA) a number of participants were able to produce high-quality land cover maps from the data.<br />
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<a href="http://www.uvm.edu/rsenr/sal/vermontview/" target="_blank">VermontView</a> is grateful to the many AmericaView partners who offered their insight into running a successful workshop. Given the overwhelmingly positive feedback we hope to make this an annual event.Jarlath O'Neil-Dunnehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08554942198390184997noreply@blogger.com64tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-51784223080090734412014-05-19T13:46:00.000-07:002014-05-19T13:46:50.952-07:00Tasseled Cap Transformation for Landsat 8<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: inherit;">The article </span>"Derivation of a tasselled cap transformation based on Landsat 8 at-satellite reflectance" by Muhammad Hasan Ali <span style="font-family: inherit;">Baig et al<span style="color: #1f497d; font-size: 11pt;">.,</span></span> which appeared in the most recent issue of <i>Remote Sensing Letters, </i>is currently available to be viewed by anyone interested in learning about newly developed tasseled cap transformation coefficients for Landsat 8 data. From the publication's abstract:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"> “The
tasselled cap transformation (TCT) is a useful tool for compressing spectral
data into a few<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>bands
associated with physical scene characteristics with minimal information loss.
TCT was<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>originally evolved
from the Landsat multi-spectral scanner (MSS) launched in 1972 and is widely<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span> adapted to modern sensors. In this study, we
derived the TCT coefficients for the newly<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>launched
(2013) operational land imager (OLI) sensor on-board Landsat 8 for at-satellite<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>reflectance.”</span></blockquote>
<br />
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<![endif]-->The article will be freely available through the end of the year and can be accessed by clicking <a href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2150704X.2014.915434#.U3emERtOXb0" target="_blank">here</a>.<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span>Michael Battagliahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09985955816876693392noreply@blogger.com91tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-70035263407007501792014-05-02T11:00:00.001-07:002014-05-02T11:00:59.119-07:00Americaview’s Panel Discussion on Landsat Needs Assessment During the 2014 ASPRS Annual Conference<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Following the successful launch of Landsat 8, discussions are underway about the capabilities of future Landsat missions. The US Geological Survey (USGS) is tasked with soliciting input from users in terms of their information needs. On March 26 at the 2014 ASPRS Annual Conference in Louisville, KY, AmericaView hosted a panel discussion that highlighted the value of moderate resolution Landsat data and solicited input for future data needs.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTngdX-iqj75eQ04ILJWVskkZW_1kG3fWl4hDAgSXWFXWBu-g4hPbeYK-vudgC8KT4xrjkPQXmx5x-kinTUC6PA0YM3kcQl-JGk2oADBj93oGrDX2UUxU6gVepAYx5wAxfmoRTJfu6nw/s1600/congalton_2014.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTngdX-iqj75eQ04ILJWVskkZW_1kG3fWl4hDAgSXWFXWBu-g4hPbeYK-vudgC8KT4xrjkPQXmx5x-kinTUC6PA0YM3kcQl-JGk2oADBj93oGrDX2UUxU6gVepAYx5wAxfmoRTJfu6nw/s1600/congalton_2014.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Russ Congalton, Chair, AmericaView Board of Directors</td></tr>
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<b>Russ Congalton</b>, Chair, AmericaView Board of Directors, introduced AmericaView and highlighted its various accomplishments. John Crowe, Land Remote Sensing Program, USGS, provided an overview of the Landsat program, and described its value in terms of radiometrically calibrated data, historic archive, and free access to users.<br />
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StateView PIs highlighted one or more characteristics of Landsat data from their mapping and monitoring applications. <b>Jarlath O’Neil-Dunne</b> (VermontView) and <b>Rick Lawrence</b> (MontanaView) highlighted the value of calibrated thermal bands for conducting their research on urban heat island and geothermal heat flux of lakes in Yellowstone National Park respectively. Availability of several multispectral images during one or more years was highlighted by <b>Jim Campbell</b> (VirginiaView), Rick Lawrence, and <b>Haluk Cetin</b> (KentuckyView) for applications such as monitoring pest outbreaks in white bark pine, mapping crop growth, and water quality and soil moisture mapping. <b>Brent Yantis</b> (LouisianaView) demonstrated the value of Landsat’s long-term archive through the land cover change analysis of Pecan Island. <b>Ramesh Sivanpillai</b> (WyomingView) described the value of the panchromatic band for improving our ability to map small water bodies. <b>Russ Congalton </b>(New HampshireView) shared his study where spectral information from Landsat bands was combined with high resolution imagery for improving forest cover mapping efforts. Ramesh Sivanpillai moderated this session.<br />
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Following these presentations input was collected from those present about: a) the value of Landsat data for their research and educational applications, and b) data characteristics that they would like to see in future Landsat missions. Input collected from this and future panel discussions will be compiled and presented to the USGS.</div>
Ramesh Sivanpillaihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07231891150907760846noreply@blogger.com112Louisville, KY, USA38.2526647 -85.75845570000001337.853296699999994 -86.403902700000017 38.6520327 -85.113008700000009tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-10862824993694044802014-03-09T11:03:00.003-07:002014-04-15T08:54:29.970-07:00More adventures from our remote sensing field trip Yesterday we were fortunate enough to tour the Decagon Devices facilities where the radiometers I’m basing a lesson plan around are made. All I can say is what a facility! From research and development to a machine shop that would make any shop geek drool, Decagon Devices has my recognition as a GREAT company. They care about their employees and it shows in their products.<br />
Gracious enough to give us his time on this day was Plant Canopy Manager Dr. Steven Garrity. After a full tour of the facility, we took some time to talk more about what we’re doing at MOSS and how we use their products. We also talked about doing a video collaboration with Decagon later this year to show how their devices are being used by middle school and high school students, and that they aren’t just for grad students and other professionals. Steve seemed very excited with what we’re doing and even offered to donate some radiometers to MOSS to help us further our research and lessons. Thank you Steve!<br />
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After our meeting with Steve, he invited us to the company lunch that goes on every Wednesday, put on by their onsite chef. Pot roast, pork n beans, corn, salad and tiramisu…. Yum! After lunch we hit the road and cruised over to Seattle. Did it rain on the drive you ask? Of course it did.Well that’s all for now. I’d like to say thanks again to Steve. It was an absolute pleasure and I lookforward to talking to you soon about the video this summer.<br />
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Cheers!<br />
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Dirk Jr.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06342805731547932168noreply@blogger.com77tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-89347992951922563452014-03-09T11:02:00.001-07:002014-04-15T09:03:49.567-07:00Hello everyone out there in blog land!<br />
<br />
My name is Dirk Anderson Jr. and as my companions Ross and Janeen have already mentioned, I’m a graduate student with the University of Idaho, doing most of my schooling at the McCall Outdoor Science School (MOSS). As part of our schooling we were assigned various assistantships and I was fortunate enough to be selected to work with some remote sensing (RS) technologies and design a curriculum for middle school and/or high school students. The “toys” I get to play with are called<br />
radiometers, which are a spectral reflectance sensor (SRS) designed and produced by Decagon Devices in Pullman, WA. These radiometers look at several different bands of light with two different types of sensors indices; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI). My goal is to produce a lesson plan using these SRSs that will not only introduce the concept of light reflectivity, but also produce a more meaningful and context way to teach students about the visible light spectrum using cutting edge technologies.<br />
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As Ross and Janeen have already mentioned we are currently touring the northwest making stops in Lapwaii and Moscow, ID and Pullman and Seattle, WA to visit a range of professionals in the RS,<br />
education, and consulting fields. After our stop in Lapwaii on Monday, we headed up to Moscow to visit with several U of I grad students in the education field. During our talk with Becky, Ryan and Audrey over a cup of coffee at the One World coffee shop, we covered some successes and difficulties with teaching sciences at the K-12 level. They got me really excited when they told me about the work that they have been doing. Previously called the GK12 program, they have been working on pairing graduate students with teachers to help build a stronger learning and teaching environment. If I’m lucky enough, I hope to find myself in this program in the future.<br />
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The next day we were able to meet with our friend and former orientation instructor, Troy Magney, who’s a Ph. D student at the U of I in RS. Troy also was a part of the MOSS program a few years back, so his insight was extremely helpful. We spent most of the day with Troy as we set up and ran a scan with a Terrestrial Laser Scanner, talked about his research, and toured a farm where several different SRSs were set up. Troy has already been a great help on my project and idea development and I look forward to continue working with him.<br />
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Well that’s all for now. Tomorrow we’re headed to Decagon Devices to see where my radiometers come from.<br />
<br />
Cheers!<br />
<br />
Dirk Jr.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06342805731547932168noreply@blogger.com74tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-56875081758641433512014-03-06T14:44:00.002-08:002014-03-06T14:44:51.655-08:00<div style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">
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<span class="aBn" data-term="goog_2134896140" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-width: 1px; position: relative; top: -2px; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><span class="aQJ" style="position: relative; top: 2px; z-index: -1;">3/6/2014</span></span>--Seattle, Washington</div>
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<br />Hello to all reading this blog!<br /></div>
My name is Ross Parsons and I work with Janeen and Dirk at the University of Idaho McCall Outdoor Science School. As part of my research, I have been working with an Autonomously Operating Terrestrial Laser Scanner (ATLS). This remote sensing device can be used to quantify morphological changes in our natural world. Examples of this include, but are certainly not limited to, floodplain changes after dam removal (see earlier post) and measuring snowpack dynamics within a complex forest ecosystem. It is my goal to develop a lesson plan to introduce young learners (5th and 6th graders, for example) to the world of remote sensing. Furthermore, I am hoping to convince students that remote sensing is a fun and exciting way to observe our natural world.<br /></div>
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Through this field trip, I am excited to gather what people have to say about remote sensing, education, and communicating science to a broader audience.</div>
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Our rainy and adventurous day started with meeting Jeff Johnson and Mark Indrebo of Watershed Science and Engineering. Jeff and Mark helped us to better understand the complexities of communicating to a broad audience about their work. With respect to flood mitigation, they suggested that listening to all parties involved is the best way to accomplish the task at hand. The key to success, they argued, is compassion. This philosophy can be transferred to all walks of science communication. In their case, "multi-benefit" planning has proved successful. <br /></div>
Our next meeting was with Steve Warren and Karl Lapo of the University of Washington's Department of Atmospheric Sciences. Steve is a longtime Professor of the University, with interests in Antarctic climate and black carbon in Arctic snow, just to name a few. Karl is a graduate student who is studying similar processes. Along with sharing their impressive research, Steve and Karl stressed the importance of mathematics among young learners. When asked what skills they would like to see more college freshman have, they simultaneously answered math.<br /></div>
Our final meeting of the day brought us to South Seattle's K-5 STEM at Boren School. The school is Seattle Public School affiliated, and focuses primarily on the STEM subjects (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). We met with Julie Schmick, the school's technology teacher. Julie told us that in order to get her students interested in STEM, she always asks a "meaty" question--one that they can relate to their community and family. Julie was <i>very </i>receptive to incorporating remote sensing into her teachings. As she put it, anything that allows students to have fun will be used in her classroom.<br /><br />Overall, today's meetings were a great reminder that an interdisciplinary, holistic approach must be taken when communicating and teaching science. By doing so, we can create innovative young learners who will continue to challenge the way we look at the world.<br /></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">In Remote Sensing We Trust,</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px;">Ross Parsons</span>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06342805731547932168noreply@blogger.com34tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-52910721015745497072014-03-05T21:13:00.000-08:002014-03-05T21:13:43.855-08:00Hi,<br />
My name is Janeen. I have been working on an AmericaView project at the University on Idaho which incorporates Landsat data into curriculum designed for kids ages 10-18. As part of my creation of this curriculum I am traveling throughout the Pacific Northwest this week with a small group of my peers. We are all working on ways to bring remote sensing topics to younger audiences. During our travels we have been meeting with specialists in a variety of fields in an effort to better understand the full scope of our topics. You can follow our adventures over the next few days.<br />
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As a graduate student at the McCall Outdoor Science School, I regularly teach week long courses for this age group. I have been working on a lesson plan that will use Landsat images to reference a local state park. The kids will then create habitat maps of the area. After that the kids get outside and explore the area, adding information to their maps about vegetation and signs of animal life. Finally, the kids will use their increased understanding to defend decisions they make in how they would manage the park.<br />
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My group started our travels on Monday. Our first stop was to meet with Laurie Ames, who works in the GIS department for the Nez Perce Tribe, in Lapwei, ID. From Laurie, I learned a great deal about how agencies use Landsat and other remotely sensed data. Laurie was particularly interested in our plans to help young people to have a sense of how all the pieces of understanding we get from our data fit together to make a picture of how the whole world works.<br />
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Our next meeting was with Mark Corrao, a fellow graduate student at the U of Idaho. Mark is working on advanced degrees in natural resources and law, and also works full time at an environmental consulting firm. Mark helped us to better understand the process of turning information about a piece of land into a good plan that benefits the land owner, the ecosystem, the community. Mark hoped our lessons would help kids to increase their critical thinking skills and appreciation for the interdisciplinary nature of decision making about the land.<br />
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Next up, my compatriot Ross Parsons will be explaining a bit about his research.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06342805731547932168noreply@blogger.com31tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-22330758295549173622014-02-25T13:58:00.003-08:002014-02-25T13:58:45.909-08:00Geospatial Tutorial Video PlaylistAmericaView members are some of the most productive people when it comes to generating high-quality geospatial educational videos. I have complied <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdQKF1LLY4k&feature=share&list=PLG0a9U3eef7qVj13fzLGHFJ2ExNqcS_UN" target="_blank">a playlist of some of the best videos on You Tube</a>. Most of these come from <a href="http://virginiaview.cnre.vt.edu/" target="_blank">VirginiaView</a>, but <a href="http://www.uvm.edu/rsenr/sal/vermontview/" target="_blank">VermontView</a> is not too far behind with a dozen. You could literally run an introductory remote sensing course with what has been compiled.<div>
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Jarlath O'Neil-Dunnehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08554942198390184997noreply@blogger.com23tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-53374521610145343522014-02-10T08:12:00.002-08:002014-02-10T08:12:43.462-08:00AmericaView Seeks Executive Director<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">AmericaView is seeking an exceptional individual to
serve as its Executive Director<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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AmericaView (AV) is a nationwide non-profit partnership of
remote sensing scientists who support the use of remotely sensed satellite data
through applied remote sensing research, K-12 and higher STEM education,
workforce development, and technology transfer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Funded by a newly awarded major competitive grant from the U.S.
Geological Survey, AV is composed of 39 university-led, state-based consortia
working together to sustain a network of state and local remote sensing
scientists, educators, analysts, technicians, and stakeholders. AmericaView's
networks, facilities, and capabilities are highly leveraged and used for
sharing and applying remotely sensed satellite data in a wide range of civilian
applications, from formal and informal education, to ecosystem analysis and
natural resources management, to disaster response. Our primary goal is to
support the many beneficial uses of remote sensing in service to society. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The position calls for a dynamic individual who is prominent
in the remote sensing sector.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Executive Director serves as the voice and face of AmericaView, and will have
the opportunity to provide strategic vision and leadership for the organization
for years to come.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He/she will build
strategic partnerships with sister organizations, and initiate and sustain
effective communication with AV’s funders and stakeholders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Executive Director represents AmericaView
at regional and national meetings, working closely with individuals in the
public, private, academic and non-profit sectors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Management duties include oversight of grant
and non-profit fiscal requirements.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Executive Director reports to the AmericaView Board of Directors and performs
duties and discharges those responsibilities in conformance with the Articles
of Incorporation and Bylaws of AmericaView and the policies of the Board of
Directors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A highly engaged board and a small
team of dedicated and experienced staff will assist the Executive Director in
the accomplishment of his/her responsibilities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Prospective candidates should have a proven track record of remote
sensing research, education, and outreach.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Prior experience in leadership and management positions is highly
desirable.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Prospective candidates should
have strong communication skills, be capable of exercising sound judgment, and have
the desire to engage in fund raising and/or grant writing activities. <o:p></o:p></div>
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The Executive Director position is a 25-35% full-time
equivalent (FTE) position.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Salary will
be negotiated at the time of hire.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
Executive Director is free to work at the location of his/her choosing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Annual travel is less than one month per year.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Interested candidates should submit a CV and cover letter to
the AmericaView Executive Director search committee chair Jarlath O’Neil-Dunne
at <a href="mailto:joneildu@uvm.edu">joneildu@uvm.edu</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>AmericaView is an equal opportunity employer.<o:p></o:p></div>
Jarlath O'Neil-Dunnehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08554942198390184997noreply@blogger.com60tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-46408731503121837362013-08-21T12:49:00.001-07:002015-06-01T10:27:58.965-07:00PostGIS 2.x: Getting Raster Data out of the Database<div class="tr_bq">
<b>Note: </b>For an updated version of this post with better code samples, <a href="http://karthur.org/2013/postgis-2-getting-raster-data.html" target="_blank">see the article on the author's weblog.</a><br />
<br />
PostGIS 2.x (<a href="http://blog.opengeo.org/2013/08/20/postgis-2-1-what-you-need-to-know/" target="_blank">latest release, 2.1</a>) enables users to do <a href="http://postgis.net/docs/manual-2.0/RT_reference.html" target="_blank">fairly sophisticated raster processing</a> directly in a database. For many applications, these data can stay in the database; it's the insight into spatial phenomena that comes out. <b>Sometimes, however, you need to get file data (e.g. a GeoTIFF) out of PostGIS.</b> It isn't immediately obvious how to do this efficiently, despite <a href="http://postgis.net/docs/manual-2.0/RT_reference.html#Raster_Outputs" target="_blank">the number of helpful functions</a> that serialize a raster field to Well-Known Binary (WKB) or other "flat" formats.</div>
<h2>
Background</h2>
In particular, I recently needed to create a web service that delivers PostGIS raster outputs as file data. The queries that we needed to support were well suited for PostGIS and sometimes one query would consume another (one or more) as subquer(ies). These and other considerations led me to decide to implement the service layer in Python using either GeoDjango or GeoAlchemy. More on that later. Suffice to say, <b>a robust and stable solution for exporting and attaching file data from PostGIS to an HTTP response was needed.</b> I found at least six (6) different ways of doing this; there may be more:<br />
<ul>
<li>Export an ASCII grid ("AAIGrid")</li>
<li>Connect to the database using a desktop client (e.g. QGIS) [1]</li>
<li>Use a procedural language (like PLPGSQL or PLPython) [<a href="http://geeohspatial.blogspot.com/2013/07/exporting-postgis-rasters-to-other.html" target="_blank">2</a>]</li>
<li>Use the <span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">COPY</span> declaration to get a hex dump out, then convert to binary</li>
<li>Fill a 2D NumPy array with a byte array and serialize it to a binary file using GDAL or psycopg2 [<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10529351/using-a-psycopg2-converter-to-retrieve-bytea-data-from-postgresql" target="_blank">3</a>, <a href="http://www.gdal.org/gdal_tutorial.html" target="_blank">4</a>]</li>
<li>Use a raster output function to get a byte array, which can be written to a binary field</li>
</ul>
<div>
It's nice to have options. But what's the most appropriate? If that's a difficult question to answer, what's the easiest option? I'll explore some of them in detail. <a href="https://gist.github.com/arthur-e/6222249" target="_blank">For better code sample display, refer to this gist</a>.</div>
<h2>
Export an ASCII Grid</h2>
<div>
This works great! Because an ASCII grid file (or "ESRI Grid" file, with the *.asc or *.grd extension, typically) is just plain text, you can directly export it from the database. The GDAL driver name is "AAIGrid" which should be the second argument to <span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace;">ST_AsGDALRaster()</span>. Be sure to remove the column header from your export (see image below). <b>However</b>, what you get is a file that has no projection information that you may need to convert to another format. This can present problems for your workflow, especially if you're trying to automate the production of raster files, say, through a web API.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI50H8SrBLk4Cn6I3Or9movE-7CTDR_7ZnnA-OQfQWdrLhUi4-RVS0mVZ0C2O32FRgLHLHMfTg3aRK9IZ339aBE0ZpfDlZyBQshCQ-_u2nQwPbAOo3igC7UAbhBMNHha-pvIlyI9Fc2Alm/s1600/screen.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI50H8SrBLk4Cn6I3Or9movE-7CTDR_7ZnnA-OQfQWdrLhUi4-RVS0mVZ0C2O32FRgLHLHMfTg3aRK9IZ339aBE0ZpfDlZyBQshCQ-_u2nQwPbAOo3igC7UAbhBMNHha-pvIlyI9Fc2Alm/s400/screen.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Want an ASCII grid (or "ESRI Grid")? No problem! Just don't export the column names.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
Connect Using the QGIS Desktop Client</h2>
<div>
There is <a href="http://plugins.qgis.org/plugins/wktraster/" target="_blank">a plug-in for QGIS</a> that promises to allow you to load raster data from PostGIS directly into a QGIS workspace. I used the Plugins Manager ("Plugins" > "Fetch Python Plugins...") in QGIS to get this plug-in package. The first time I selected the "Load PostGIS Raster to QGIS" plug-in and tried to install it, I found that I couldn't write to the plug-ins directory (this with a relatively fresh installation of QGIS). After creating and setting myself as the owner of the python/plugins directory, I was able to install the plug-in without any further trouble. Connecting to the database and viewing the available relations was also no trouble at all. One minor irritation is that <b>you need to enter your password every time the plug-in interfaces with the database</b>, which can be very often, at every time the list of available relations needs to be updated.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwRPGpYb_agjzEC4fXoHDsjKqsA_rLxlnUaSYhcfVy6WG1T4EaQ9Zj8ADIC3kL0zWCO3iahdHDoJHspL8IyxmqiuEApPANNmLHTGnrXQnAOVciwWdhihV_f0DYy886bfwRVKYXr1D_C9hP/s1600/screen2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwRPGpYb_agjzEC4fXoHDsjKqsA_rLxlnUaSYhcfVy6WG1T4EaQ9Zj8ADIC3kL0zWCO3iahdHDoJHspL8IyxmqiuEApPANNmLHTGnrXQnAOVciwWdhihV_f0DYy886bfwRVKYXr1D_C9hP/s320/screen2.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">You'll be doing this a lot.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
There are a few options available to you in displaying raster data from the database: "Read table's vector representation," "Read one table as a raster," "Read one row as a raster," or "Read the dataset as a raster." It's not clear what the second and last choices are, but "Reading the table as a raster" did not work for me where my table has one raster field and a couple of non-raster, non-geometry/geography fields; QGIS hung for a few seconds then said it "Could not load PG..." Reading one row worked, however, you have to select the row by its primary key (or row number in a random selection, not sure which it is returning). <b>This may not be the easiest way for you to find a particular raster image in a table.</b></div>
<h2>
Using the COPY Declaration in SQL</h2>
<div>
My colleague suggested this method, demonstrated in Python, which requires the <a href="http://www.pygresql.org/install.html" target="_blank">pygresql</a> module to be installed; easy enough with <a href="http://www.pip-installer.org/en/latest/" target="_blank">pip</a>:</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: scroll; padding: 6px 10px;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: none; font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-x: scroll; padding: 0px;">pip install psycopg2 pygresql</code></pre>
</div>
The basic idea is to use the COPY declaration in SQL to export the raster to a hexadecimal file, then to convert that file to a binary file using xxd:<br />
<pre style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: scroll; overflow: auto; padding: 6px 10px;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: none; font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-x: scroll; padding: 0px;">import os, stat, pg
# See: http://www.pygresql.org/install.html
# pip install psycopg2, pygresql
# Designate path to output file
outfile = '/home/myself/temp.tiff'
# Name of PostgreSQL table to export
pg_table = 'geowepp_soil'
# PostgreSQL connection parameters
pg_server = 'my_server'
pg_database = 'my_database'
pg_user = 'myself'
# Desginate a file to receive the hex data; make sure it exists with the right permissions
pg_hex = '/home/myself/temp.hex'
os.mknod(pg_hex, stat.S_IRUSR | stat.S_IWUSR | stat.S_IRGRP | stat.S_IWGRP)
conn = pg.connect(pg_database, pg_server, 5432, None, None, pg_user)
sql = "COPY (SELECT encode(ST_AsTIFF(ST_Union(" + pg_table + ".rast)), 'hex') FROM " + pg_table + ") TO '" + pg_hex + "'"
# You can check it with: print sql
conn.query(sql)
cmd = 'xxd -p -r ' + pg_hex + ' > ' + outfile
os.system(cmd)</code></pre>
This needs to be done on the file system of the database server, which is where PostgreSQL will write.<br />
<h2>
Using an Output Function and Serializing from a Byte Array</h2>
<div>
Despite the seeming complexity of this option (then again, compare it to the above), I think it is the most flexible approach. I'll provide two examples here, with code: using <a href="http://www.geodjango.org/" target="_blank">GeoDjango</a> to execute a raw query and using <a href="https://geoalchemy-2.readthedocs.org/en/latest/" target="_blank">GeoAlchemy2</a>'s object-relational model to execute the query. Finally, I'll show an example of writing the output to a file or to a Django HttpResponse() instance.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h3>
Using GeoDjango</h3>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
First, some setup. We'll define a RasterQuery class to help with handling the details. While a new class isn't exactly an idiomatic example, I'm hoping it will succinctly illustrate the considerations involved in using <a href="https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.5/topics/db/sql/" target="_blank">performing raw SQL queries with Django</a>. </div>
<div>
<pre style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: scroll; overflow: auto; overflow: scroll; padding: 6px 10px;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: none; font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-x: scroll; padding: 0px;">class RasterQuery:
'''
Assumes some global FORMATS dictionary describes the valid file formats, their file extensions and MIME type strings.
'''
def __init__(self, qs, params=None, file_format='geotiff'):
assert file_format in FORMATS.keys(), 'Not a valid file format'
self.cursor = connection.cursor()
self.params = params
self.query_string = qs
self.file_format = file_format
self.file_extension = FORMATS[file_format]['file_extension']
def execute(self, params=None):
'''Execute the stored query string with the given parameters'''
self.params = params
if self.params is not None:
self.cursor.execute(self.query_string, params)
else:
self.cursor.execute(self.query_string)
def fetch_all(self):
'''Return all results in a List; a List of buffers is returned'''
return [
row[0] for row in self.cursor.fetchall()
]
def write_all(self, path, name=None):
'''For each raster in the query, writes it to a file on the given path'''
name = name or 'raster_query'
i = 0
results = self.fetch_all()
for each in results:
name = name + str(i + 1) + self.file_extension
with open(os.path.join(path, name), 'wb') as stream:
stream.write(results[i])
i += 1</code></pre>
</div>
<div>
With the RasterQuery class available to us, we can more cleanly execute our raw SQL queries and serialize the response to a file attachment in a Django view:<br />
<pre style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: scroll; overflow: auto; overflow: scroll; padding: 6px 10px;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: none; font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-x: scroll; padding: 0px;">def clip_one_raster_by_another(request):
# Our raw SQL query, with parameter strings
query_string = '''
SELECT ST_AsGDALRaster(ST_Clip(landcover.rast,
ST_Buffer(ST_Envelope(burnedarea.rast), %s)), %s) AS rast
FROM landcover, burnedarea
WHERE ST_Intersects(landcover.rast, burnedarea.rast)
AND burnedarea.rid = %s'''
# Create a RasterQuery instance; apply the parameters
query = RasterQuery(query_string)
query.execute([1000, 'GTiff', 2])
filename = 'blah.tiff'
# Outputs:
# [(<read-only buffer for 0x2613470, size 110173, offset 0 at 0x26a05b0>),
# (<read-only buffer for 0x26134b0, size 142794, offset 0 at 0x26a01f0>)]
# Return only the first item
response = HttpResponse(query.fetch_all()[0], content_type=FORMATS[_format]['mime'])
response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="%s"' % filename
return response</code></pre>
Seem simple enough? <b>To write to a file instead</b>, see the write_all() method of the RasterQuery class. The query.fetch_all()[0] at the end is contrived. I'll show a better way of getting to a nested buffer in the next example.<br />
<br />
<h3>
Using GeoAlchemy2</h3>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
GeoAlchemy2's <a href="https://geoalchemy-2.readthedocs.org/en/latest/orm_tutorial.html" target="_blank">object-relational model (ORM)</a> allows tables to be represented as classes, just like in Django.</div>
<div>
<pre style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: scroll; padding: 6px 10px;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: none; font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-x: scroll; padding: 0px;">class LandCover(DeclarativeBase):
__tablename__ = 'landcover'
rid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
rast = Column(ga2.types.Raster)
filename = Column(String(255))
class BurnedArea(DeclarativeBase):
__tablename__ = 'burnedarea'
rid = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
rast = Column(ga2.types.Raster)
filename = Column(String(255))
burndate = Column(Date)
burnname = Column(String(255))</code></pre>
</div>
<div>
Assuming that SESSION and ENGINE global variables are available, the gist of this approach can be seen in this example:<br />
<pre style="background-color: #f8f8f8; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid rgb(221, 221, 221); font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; overflow-x: scroll; padding: 6px 10px;"><code style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom-left-radius: 3px; border-bottom-right-radius: 3px; border-top-left-radius: 3px; border-top-right-radius: 3px; border: none; font-family: Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Courier, monospace; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; overflow-x: scroll; padding: 0px;">def clip_fccs_by_mtbs_id2(request):
query = SESSION.query(LandCover.rast\
.ST_AsGDALRaster(LandCover.rast\
.ST_Clip(LandCover.rast, BurnedArea.rast\
.ST_Envelope()\
.ST_Buffer(1000)), 'GTiff').label('rast'))\
.filter(LandCover.rast.ST_Intersects(BurnedArea.rast), BurnedArea.rid==2)
filename = 'blah.tiff'
# Outputs:
# [(<read-only buffer for 0x2613470, size 110173, offset 0 at 0x26a05b0>),
# (<read-only buffer for 0x26134b0, size 142794, offset 0 at 0x26a01f0>)]
result = query.all()
while type(result) != buffer:
result = result[0] # Unwrap until a buffer is found
# Consequently, it returns only the first item
response = HttpResponse(result, content_type=FORMATS[_format]['mime'])
response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="%s"' % filename </code></pre>
Here we see a better way of getting at a nested buffer. If we wanted all of the rasters that were returned (all of the buffers), we could call ST_Union on our final raster selection before passing it to ST_AsGDALRaster.<br />
<br />
<b>After considering all my (apparent) options, I found this last technique, using the PostGIS raster output function(s) and writing the byte array to a file-attachment in an HTTP response, to be best suited for my application.</b> I'd be interested in hearing about other techniques not described here.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01903933487009946155noreply@blogger.com35tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-63866898809543886652013-07-10T10:03:00.002-07:002013-07-11T06:45:43.443-07:00Google Earth Engine Landsat Time Viewer: Now with Sharing!Some attention was given to Google's new <a href="http://earthengine.google.org/#intro/LasVegas" target="_blank">Landsat Time Viewer</a>, part of Google Earth Engine. The tool offers users the ability to look at the Earth's surface as a time series from 1984 to 2012 using their own web browser and Google Earth Engine's massive data catalog and rendering capabilities. Some of the example areas-of-interest are very compelling: Amazon deforestation, the drying of the Aral Sea, and urban growth in Las Vegas, Nevada. Now, you can embed a viewer for <b>any part of the Earth's surface</b> on your own website!<br />
<br />
Check out <a href="http://apache.mtri.org:8080/display/miview/Michigan+at+a+Glance+with+Google+Earth+Engine" target="_blank">this example from MichiganView</a> of an embedded viewer.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXuxBUZdrhXfb4cnwGbuE06z93H6WsLF6aQceF6YOwflNBhj29Z5JiLknj6y8Cludp6pbvVDMorI74wH9-aJLHnbi9MiItGHmFH2ie2fbM4emGq1v95-BK0lGJUHWUjp2QxyevR_xAO5GQ/s1600/google_earth_engine.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A screenshot of the embedded Landsat Time Viewer, showing the Tilden Mine near Marquette, Michigan</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
It's extremely easy to get up-and-running. Just click the <b>Share or Embed</b> button once you've found a map extent within the viewer that you want to share!<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5Smbjp41aReVxeSxRnai46bdS32L1JUDFaue3SdwnEo9VO_9RXw4GXYgW-TORjVEAbyE3lonrs82-WBMixvyg8GkiK-SMlHZiZefzqIwQNpygVfY_W8GeOiMOshfq3hwqy6xO0iQYZzk8/s1600/Screenshot+from+2013-07-10+12:56:13.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5Smbjp41aReVxeSxRnai46bdS32L1JUDFaue3SdwnEo9VO_9RXw4GXYgW-TORjVEAbyE3lonrs82-WBMixvyg8GkiK-SMlHZiZefzqIwQNpygVfY_W8GeOiMOshfq3hwqy6xO0iQYZzk8/s400/Screenshot+from+2013-07-10+12:56:13.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01903933487009946155noreply@blogger.com32tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-34471727406728213062013-06-27T11:19:00.000-07:002013-08-06T11:28:38.230-07:00Wetlands Mapping with Local Fifth-Grade Students<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">MichiganView recently
collaborated with 5<sup>th</sup> grade teachers from Wixom Elementary School in
Wixom, MI to </span>implement a program designed to teach young students about remote
sensing and wetland science. The program, which is a part of the MichiganView
project, was headed by Dr. Nancy French and <span style="background: white; color: #222222; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Laura Bourgeau-Chavez.</span><span style="background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #222222; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span>Keeping in line with project goals, the
study focused on wetland mapping and highlighted the importance of detecting
invasive species such as Phragmites Australis.</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyv-6aSYwADKqR8tJXA6rTV4oOTrLwJgF3pz24UulnsA-oITJN1XkGplsPIZll27tIuIEz6Rv3b1PmeONBEFfQQnW1MhVWyTUubuZ-qRkAgb5JprHVfc9SN3ttBTCnzGKc1ASlu9a_Mjj6/s335/nat_landsat.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgyv-6aSYwADKqR8tJXA6rTV4oOTrLwJgF3pz24UulnsA-oITJN1XkGplsPIZll27tIuIEz6Rv3b1PmeONBEFfQQnW1MhVWyTUubuZ-qRkAgb5JprHVfc9SN3ttBTCnzGKc1ASlu9a_Mjj6/s320/nat_landsat.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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Students learned about various remotely sensed data in the
classroom before participating in hands on data collection in the nearby Wixom
Habitat Park. The field trip was led by three
Wixom Elementary teachers (Cathy Russel, David Blatt, and David Walczyk) and two
MTRI employees (Anthony Russel and Michael Battaglia). An additional team of classroom
aides and parent volunteers also accompanied to provide assistance.<o:p></o:p><br />
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQF5Yz6GQ-BvhvBgOFkalJlA1vvCWobreF8ezx4mEdr2mFL3KA4r8T4Z2LJKzjRPbehZ1Lah7BxtUEgS4ehlmcrJasLgdfxCMdaSxZrZ9paFYpgpOHa0VA14XZc73nvATK5stEUwCevNsm/s733/showing_kids.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQF5Yz6GQ-BvhvBgOFkalJlA1vvCWobreF8ezx4mEdr2mFL3KA4r8T4Z2LJKzjRPbehZ1Lah7BxtUEgS4ehlmcrJasLgdfxCMdaSxZrZ9paFYpgpOHa0VA14XZc73nvATK5stEUwCevNsm/s400/showing_kids.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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The students were able to compare what they saw from the air (remote sensing imagery) to what they saw on the ground, or as their teachers called it frog’s-eye and
birds-eye’s view, to better understand what they were observing in the field. The
students were instructed on how to take GPS points, find the average height of
the vegetation, determine the vegetation density, and take photos of the area. The
kids then learned how to properly record data on specially designed field
sheets which included numerous multiple choice questions to help them make
decisions.<o:p></o:p><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHWQLn2sxfLhyphenhyphenub3VexQDA_4NxqIlq3YNXzCnJLMd1rukAvaHQxvK0M_-GevK6gC9-Tuc29-aNxkuBYCf_6YSRK1qrzkMNaMYUXu_qlUFuCUDYVgCzsiyrBPzNoSjTpDE3KORZ33D73_jk/s1170/field_sheet.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHWQLn2sxfLhyphenhyphenub3VexQDA_4NxqIlq3YNXzCnJLMd1rukAvaHQxvK0M_-GevK6gC9-Tuc29-aNxkuBYCf_6YSRK1qrzkMNaMYUXu_qlUFuCUDYVgCzsiyrBPzNoSjTpDE3KORZ33D73_jk/s400/field_sheet.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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Overall the project was a success with the students being
able to take six total points of various coverage types ranging from emergent
wetland to forest. This was an important first step into our end goal of
creating “citizen scientists” to enhance the Great Lakes wetland mapping
project.<o:p></o:p><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjimMsD3tGa2gRuGVHql2aEb6EtsNXk-GjrUEA-rQ3n-artppyLRiCSwgTqVIHxbcU42zJU39wIRPlMXNnTsNNJavIlGoPgJRlcNNkF80z4akIQBoDps2iMa7FifqZxNZyJNcv8ueqfmD5c/s1094/participants.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjimMsD3tGa2gRuGVHql2aEb6EtsNXk-GjrUEA-rQ3n-artppyLRiCSwgTqVIHxbcU42zJU39wIRPlMXNnTsNNJavIlGoPgJRlcNNkF80z4akIQBoDps2iMa7FifqZxNZyJNcv8ueqfmD5c/s400/participants.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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This study was completed on June 3<sup>rd</sup>, 2013 at the
Wixom Habitat Park in Wixom, MI. The teachers at Wixom Elementary would like to thank the Walled Lake Schools Foundation for Excellence for providing a grant that allowed the Wixom teachers to purchase GPS’s, cameras, rubber boots, and tape measures for the students to use in their data collection. Read more about MTRI’s involvement in the
MichiganView project <a href="http://mtri.org/miview.html">here</a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02433057372962128041noreply@blogger.com21tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-59554739209724808652013-05-29T09:51:00.002-07:002013-05-29T13:43:37.120-07:00Landsat 8!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Landsat Data Continuity Mission Goes Operational on May 30, Becomes Landsat 8</span></b><br />
<br />
<i>AmericaView Partners Attending Historic Event</i><br />
<br />
On May 30, 2013 the US Geological Survey will be <a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/43850569/AV_Outreach/Landsat%208%20Media%20Advisory.pdf" target="_blank">assuming operation</a> of the LDCM mission from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Operation includes collecting, archiving, processing, and distributing data products from Landsat 8, continuing the 40 year legacy of the Landsat Project. The ceremony will be held at the USGS EROS Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Dignitaries from <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/" target="_blank">NASA</a>, <a href="http://www.usgs.gov/" target="_blank">USGS</a>, and national and local elected officials will be attending.<br />
<br />
Representing AmericaView at the celebration will be Rebecca Dodge (<a href="http://www.texasview.org/" target="_blank">TexasView</a>), Mary O’Neill (<a href="http://www.sdstate.edu/abe/sdview/" target="_blank">South DakotaView</a>), and Brent Yantis (<a href="http://www.rac.louisiana.edu/index.html" target="_blank">LouisianaView</a>). Sam Batzli (<a href="http://www.wisconsinview.org/" target="_blank">WisconsinView</a>) has been selected as a member of the 30-member <a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/43850569/AV_Outreach/Media%20Social%20Agenda%20with%20Ceremony.pdf" target="_blank">Social Media</a> group that will be assisting USGS-NASA spread the word about the event via social media. Check out Sam’s <a href="http://www.wisconsinview.org/" target="_blank">website</a> to view his Tweets from the event. Ramesh Sivanpillai (WyomingView) will be updating his <a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/WyomingView/314286598583916" target="_blank">WyomingView Facebook</a> and <a href="https://plus.google.com/107684505269367506171/posts" target="_blank">Google+</a> pages as more information about the ceremonies become available.<br />
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<i>Landsat 8 Products and Availability</i><br />
<br />
After the <a href="https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/43850569/AV_Outreach/Media%20Social%20Agenda%20with%20Ceremony.pdf" target="_blank">ceremonies</a>, data from the Landsat 8 satellite will be available to all users. Each day, 400 or more scenes acquired by the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) will be archived at the USGS EROS Center, and will be processed to be consistent with current standard Landsat data products. Data will be ready to download within 24 hours of reception.<br />
<br />
The standard Level 1 data and LandsatLook (full-resolution jpg) products will be available for download at no charge from <a href="http://glovis.usgs.gov/" target="_blank">GloVis</a>, <a href="http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/" target="_blank">EarthExplorer </a>or the <a href="http://landsatlook.usgs.gov/" target="_blank">LandsatLook Viewer</a>.<br />
<br />
The Landsat 8 acquisition schedule and calendar is available <a href="http://landsat.usgs.gov/tools_acq.php" target="_blank">here</a>.<br />
<br /></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com20tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-1083064027556215882013-04-04T15:15:00.003-07:002013-04-04T15:15:41.852-07:00Landsat LDCM Sample Image Now Available for DownloadAs VermontView Director Jaralth O’Neil-Dunne mentioned in the March 29<span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span> AmericaView post, LDCM / Landsat 8 is in orbit and being prepped to acquire data, carrying on the record-setting Landsat legacy. Knowing that this blog is read by numerous early adopters, it seems apropos to help distribute far and wide a link to a sample of the data recently made available by the good folks at USGS Land Remote Sensing. The image (shown below) was acquired on March 18<span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span>, 2013 and is provided for those of us who’d like a first look at the sensor’s 16-bit data. <a href="http://landsat.usgs.gov/LDCM_DataProduct.php" target="_blank">Check it out</a> and spread the word. Feel free to comment and let us know what you think. We’ll pass your thoughts along to the USGS. They’d appreciate the feedback. Alternatively, send them your thoughts directly from <a href="http://landsat.usgs.gov/contactus.php">here</a>.<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ggBbsDmob0E/UV34l3opgeI/AAAAAAAAAQI/ySiOq8MsQSw/s1600/LDCM_image.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ggBbsDmob0E/UV34l3opgeI/AAAAAAAAAQI/ySiOq8MsQSw/s320/LDCM_image.JPG" width="318" /></a></div>
<b>NOTE:</b> This sample image is considered Engineering data, which implies that the data do not meet the exact specification as when the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) is declared operational in May. More information regarding caveats is available at the USGS sample data post <a href="http://landsat.usgs.gov/LDCM_DataProduct.php">here</a>.<br />
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com29tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-70450984297006442012013-03-29T12:21:00.000-07:002013-04-02T15:54:26.310-07:00What you should know about Landsat 8Landsat 8 launched successfully and is orbiting the earth, so it's time to get ready to work with all this cool data! I need to acknowledge that at the time this blog post was written Landsat 8 is not officially "Landsat 8," it is called the "Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM)." Once testing is complete (scheduled for May 30th), NASA will pass control to USGS and we will have an "operational" satellite whose official name is "Landsat 8!"<br />
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<div>
From an end user's perspective one of the most important things to keep in mind is that the band configuration for Landsat 8 (LDCM) is different from the Landat TM and ETM+ missions as Landsat 8 added two new bands. Want to make a natural color composite from Landsat 8? It will now be R-G-B = 4-3-2 (for Landsat 4,5, and 7 it was 3-2-1). The USGS has a very helpful <a href="http://landsat.usgs.gov/band_designations_landsat_satellites.php" target="_blank">FAQ page</a> listing the band numbers and wavelengths for all the Landsat missions. There is another handy <a href="http://landsat.usgs.gov/ldcm_vs_previous.php" target="_blank">USGS page that displays the band combinations of Landsat 8 to Landsat 7</a> (see graphic below)</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSvMNHWAp-Bon_Vy_mmzhjWVrRuXr1-gpHUvL15Ea3Z2ndPNBp3fgFHrNofzEEHDW1aSTW60ElnjNFXjAr2JNbwsjRxEzhn1UMePY6Nk2Eo7K6zl4JPYTlx9FwbroYedqhDIQyWZRpi5B3/s1600/ldcm_vs_previous.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSvMNHWAp-Bon_Vy_mmzhjWVrRuXr1-gpHUvL15Ea3Z2ndPNBp3fgFHrNofzEEHDW1aSTW60ElnjNFXjAr2JNbwsjRxEzhn1UMePY6Nk2Eo7K6zl4JPYTlx9FwbroYedqhDIQyWZRpi5B3/s320/ldcm_vs_previous.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Source: NASA</div>
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Landsat 8 will be 12-bit data, compared to the 8-bit data used for previous Landsat missions. Pixel values will now range from 0-4095 (4096 possible values) for Landsat 8, as compared to 0-255 (256 possible values) for the previous missions. This should make it easier to distinguish features that are spectrally similar and shadow penetration will be much improved.</div>
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Because Landsat 8 is not yet officially operational you cannot download scenes from sites like <a href="http://glovis.usgs.gov/" target="_blank">GloVis</a> just yet, but you can <a href="http://landsat.usgs.gov/LDCM_DataProduct.php" target="_blank">download a sample dataset</a> to play around with courtesy of the USGS.</div>
Jarlath O'Neil-Dunnehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08554942198390184997noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-47793367945583992542013-02-26T11:12:00.001-08:002013-02-26T11:12:04.888-08:00Close-Range Photogrammetry: The 3D Optical Bridge Evaluation System (3DOBS)<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">According
to the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), <a href="http://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/fact-sheet/bridges">more
than 26% of the nation’s bridges in 2009 were classified as either
structurally deficient or functionally obsolete</a>. Two years later,
structurally deficient or functionally obsolete bridges <a href="http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/nbi/defbr11.cfm">still
made up close to 24% of the nation's total bridge infrastructure</a>.
A report by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) indicates that,
given more time and funding to complete bridge inspections, the use
of non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods would increase among
state and county transportation agencies (<i>Highway
Bridge Inspection: State-of-the-Practice Survey</i>,
2001). NDE promises a way to enhance the allocation of funding by
improving the information these decisions are based on and by
improving the assessment of existing bridge conditions and through
increased safety of inspection crews, reducing traffic disruption,
and increasing the frequency, objectivity, and accuracy of bridge
condition assessment.</span></div>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As
part of research funded by USDOT-RITA, the <b><i>3D Optical Bridge
Evaluation System (3DOBS) </i></b>was developed to quickly assess the
condition of bridges while minimizing traffic disruptions and
limiting inspection crews' exposure to traffic. The system is
composed of a Digital Single Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera mounted on a
truck, close range photogrammetry software (Agisoft PhotoScan Pro)
and an automated spall detection algorithm. For close range
photogrammetry to be achieved, the photos need to be collected with
at least 60% overlap. Early testing of the photogrammetry software
showed that collecting imagery with greater overlap produced better
results.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdvJiLxu_Wy6g3XGQkAdcNr3gTweUkwWCmSS__tVbvVrFGw1jY_hq3AHk9C6W5ZD5XsXuiQpJfTA8nHQiwtQwIqFFzka3aJD346XgrBXhqvKt20C53BuYqZcHS-ZENhQnlp_P3qWhF_yhB/s1600/Picture1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdvJiLxu_Wy6g3XGQkAdcNr3gTweUkwWCmSS__tVbvVrFGw1jY_hq3AHk9C6W5ZD5XsXuiQpJfTA8nHQiwtQwIqFFzka3aJD346XgrBXhqvKt20C53BuYqZcHS-ZENhQnlp_P3qWhF_yhB/s320/Picture1.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Prior
to the collection of photos, the bridges had to be marked with
reference points for Agisoft to set up a coordinate system and to
create a DEM. These reference points were marked duct tape that was
placed on the bridge deck in a grid pattern. The tape was placed at
four foot intervals in the transverse direction and at ten foot
intervals in the longitudinal direction. Carrier phase GPS points
were collected with a Trimble GPS (with an accuracy of <1m) at
each of the four corners of the bridge deck and at various other
points on the deck to be able to correctly spatially reference our
data.</span></div>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For
the collection of the photos, a standard consumer grade Nikon D5000
DSLR with a resolution of 12.3 megapixels (MP) and a 27 mm focal
length lens were used. In order to capture a full lane in one pass
the camera needed to be mounted 9 ft above the bridge deck. In order
to achieve this height, a wooden vehicle mount was constructed to fit
into the bed of a standard pickup truck. During field collections a
control board was programmed to trigger the camera shutter at a rate
of one image per second. With the camera mounted, the truck was
driven across the bridge deck at a speed of about 2 mph. This speed
ensured that images were captured with the required 60% overlap
between the photos.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDfq4YhFDTLmnufNCn8nYLRbSfrglxbQBIw6jgpTfeyYOSHafhuNO53mOX7y-nTDs9HAGjNeH5q99BcQYWbSxjdwbOYhc1B5UuppNS-gsWl4x1-onL2rUrU7jANvFV9vuXnn_PPIl4BXbf/s1600/Picture2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDfq4YhFDTLmnufNCn8nYLRbSfrglxbQBIw6jgpTfeyYOSHafhuNO53mOX7y-nTDs9HAGjNeH5q99BcQYWbSxjdwbOYhc1B5UuppNS-gsWl4x1-onL2rUrU7jANvFV9vuXnn_PPIl4BXbf/s320/Picture2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">After
the photos were collected they were processed in Agisoft PhotoScan
Pro. This process was mostly automated as the software aligned the
photos and generated a 3D model without any user input. After the
model was generated it was necessary to manually add "KeyPoints"
to mark the location of each one of the duct tape markers with the
latitude and longitude coordinates. This allowed PhotoScan to set up
a coordinate system and to accurately reference the model and create
a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The DEMs that were generated have a
resolution of 5 mm in the x, y directions and a z resolution of 2 mm.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitrj5eoBLYXvwFwgSWZBFDZgwTMWLPCz_9CVUGZHGxkXm_bTlDmzUvCPvdZxVHb8VrR292N-BWnkaq8ERGwcan6PUDNIjHsv9oj4OcgJoWoqd-mYxFz5V4AXbTqphDhOKQgZijuSGGVWHl/s1600/Picture3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitrj5eoBLYXvwFwgSWZBFDZgwTMWLPCz_9CVUGZHGxkXm_bTlDmzUvCPvdZxVHb8VrR292N-BWnkaq8ERGwcan6PUDNIjHsv9oj4OcgJoWoqd-mYxFz5V4AXbTqphDhOKQgZijuSGGVWHl/s320/Picture3.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: 0.14in; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The
spall detection algorithm was written in Python programming language
and uses ArcPy to interface with ArcGIS and utilize some of ESRI’s
available geospatial tools. The tool used to detect spalls is called
Focal Statistics analyzes each cell in the raster and calculates
statistics based on a specified neighborhood of cells around it.
Additional functionality was added so that the user can remove bridge
joints by creating a shapefile that defines the bridge joints. Spalls
can also be identified based upon their area. This feature allows for
the detected spalls to correspond to minimum size definitions and
allow for the removal of small artifacts in the DEM. The data
processing is automated, and only requires the user to set the
working directory, file names for the DEM and bridge joint shapefile,
focal statistics sensitivity and the minimum spall size.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgiczDaiXZSFvNKULQu9Mt9EIR6jDj8jeQm7SE-M-WSJnu2YvyOcjJfq0zTZzIGiZWFKgtOkkMgKkkX8k3FwkWaXFfgIfmAgRpBFiJWeSrhzdn4XRlQV6IJJ8FI0NJrr_miZXSKhKFa9H5/s1600/Picture4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="59" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgiczDaiXZSFvNKULQu9Mt9EIR6jDj8jeQm7SE-M-WSJnu2YvyOcjJfq0zTZzIGiZWFKgtOkkMgKkkX8k3FwkWaXFfgIfmAgRpBFiJWeSrhzdn4XRlQV6IJJ8FI0NJrr_miZXSKhKFa9H5/s320/Picture4.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Enhancements
are currently being made to this system through a project sponsored
by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT). These
enhancements will include improving the camera so that the system
would be able to operate at near highway speeds (40 mph) and the
construction of a more sturdy vehicle mount. The spall detection
algorithm will also be improved. The current version of the algorithm
simply looks for a change in the elevation and therefore it also
detects the edges of patches on the bridge and reports them as
spalls. This will be changed so that the algorithm will only detect
negative changes or those that represent spalls on the bridge deck.</span></div>
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<div style="margin-bottom: 0.14in;">
<i style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">This
work is supported as part of a larger program (Bridge Condition
Assessment Using Remote Sensors) sponsored by the Commercial Remote
Sensing and Spatial Information program of the Research and
Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), U.S. Department of
Transportation (USDOT), Cooperative Agreement # DTOS59-10-H-00001,
with additional support provided by the Michigan Department of
Transportation, the Michigan Tech Transportation Institute, the
Michigan Tech Research Institute, and the Center for Automotive
Research. The views, opinions, findings, and conclusions reflected in
this paper are the responsibility of the authors only and do not
represent the official policy or position of the USDOT/RITA, or any
state or other entity. Further information regarding remote sensing
technologies and the decision support system for bridge condition
assessment and about this project can be found at
<<a href="http://www.mtri.org/bridgecondition">http://www.mtri.org/bridgecondition</a>>.</i></div>
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01903933487009946155noreply@blogger.com29tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-13139064219606497452013-02-11T06:13:00.000-08:002013-02-11T06:13:10.068-08:00LDCM / Landsat 8 I'm guessing that most people who work in the applied natural sciences would agree on the need for synoptic, multitemporal, objective, easily and freely accessible data of the Earth's surface.<br />
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Without argument, no Earth observing system meets that need as well as has the<a href="http://landsat.usgs.gov/"> Landsat Program</a>. Providing the longest, most comprehensive record of Earth surface changes, <i>Landsat is unprecedented</i>.<br />
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The next generation of Landsat systems, the <a href="http://ldcm.nasa.gov/mission_details.html">Landsat Data Continuity Mission</a> aka Landsat 8, is scheduled for launch today from Vandenberg AFB on the coast of southcentral California. Members of the <a href="http://www.americaview.org/membership-map">AmericaView consortium</a> work daily with Landsat data though our 300+ academic, agency, non-profit, and industry partners. Below, in no particular order, is a sample of what Landsat means to AV and our partners to both demonstrate the breadth of applications and to celebrate today's launch.<br />
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<i>Landsat imagery extends human vision to see our Earth’s surface not just over previous years, but over previous decades - </i><b>Dr. Jim Campbell, Virginia Tech / VirginiaView</b><br />
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<i>Landsat: still the premiere moderate resolution terrestrial imaging program after 41 years - </i><b>Dr. Tim Warner, West Virginia University / West VirginiaView</b><br />
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<i>Landsat, the first and best satellite sensing system for mapping, monitoring and analysis of land and water resources over time and space (and my favorite system for the past 40 years) - </i><b>Dr. Marvin Bauer, University of Minnesota / MinnesotaView</b><br />
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<i>We could not have fulfilled our Legislative mandates to assess the quality of all lakes in the state without your Landsat remote sensing technologies. These data are being used for a wide variety of water quality trend detection, impairment evaluations and watershed management actions -</i> <b>Bruce Wilson, senior scientist, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency / MinnesotaView</b><br />
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<i>From the early 1970s to the present, Landsat satellite imagery has been used to create four comprehensive land cover maps of Kansas – Landsat’s spectral capabilities, spatial resolution, and repeat coverage have made it an ideal resource for studying the Kansas landscape - </i><b>Dr. Steve Egbert, University of Kansas / KansasView</b><br />
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<i>The Landsat image archive stretches back over 40 years and covers the entire globe: nothing else even comes close</i> -<b> Kevin Dobbs, University of Kansas / KansasView</b><br />
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<i>Creeping landcover changes, invisible from the ground, suddenly revealed in their full extent and proximity – shocking! - </i><b>Dr. Rebecca Dodge, Midland State University / TexasView</b><br />
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<i>Landsat: My magic carpet ride to see the wonders of Planet Earth - </i><b>Teresa Howard, The University of Texas at Austin / TexasView</b><br />
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<i>Graduate and undergraduate students on our campus use Landsat data in their research and training each year – to date nearly 400 UAF students directly benefited from free Landsat data</i> - <b>Dr. Anupma Prakash, University of Alaska Fairbanks / AlaskaView</b><br />
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<i>Landsat has been instrumental in helping the state of Alabama monitor land use and associated impacts on its many natural resources</i> - <b>Dr. Luke Marzen, Auburn University / AlabamaView</b><br />
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<i>With the frequent synoptic views of California agriculture provided by Landsat, we have deepened our understanding of the relationship of phenology and crop production across the state -</i> <b>Pia van Benthem, UC Davis / CaliforniaView</b><br />
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<i>Landsat is the only source for historic time-series data for my study site</i> - <b>Dr. Teki Sankey, Idaho State University / IdahoView</b><br />
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<i>All current coastal land loss work in Louisiana is Landsat TM based - it's the heart of the Coastwide Reference Monitoring System (CRMS) landscape level monitoring effort - </i> <b>Brent Yantis, University of Louisiana Lafayette / LouisianaView </b><br />
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<i>Landsat imagery is simply the best available data for studying the impacts of pervasive flooding on agriculture in the Devils Lake Basin of North Dakota, and an ideal tool for teaching about remote sensing – it is the “go-to” data source for most students working on projects for my remote sensing courses - </i><b>Dr. Brad Runquist, University of North Dakota / North DakotaView</b><br />
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<i>Freely available Landsat data has enabled 27 students at the University of Toledo to complete their masters and PhD degrees, and many of these students have gone on to work for local and state governments, the National Guard, and the National Geospatial Intelligence Agency - </i><b>Dr. Kevin Czajkowski, University of Toledo / OhioView</b><br />
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<i>We have 30 years of Landsat imagery for our area, available for a wide range of applications - that is unparalleled accessibility - </i><b>Dr. Pete Clapham, Cleveland State University / OhioView</b><br />
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<i>Freely available Landsat data has allowed college students to not only better understand remote sensing but the world around them</i> - <b>Dr. Tom Mueller, California University of Pennsylvania / PennsylvaniaView</b><br />
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<i>South Dakota farmers have found Landsat imagery to be of great value for precision agriculture, especially for purposes such as delineating management zones within a field -<b> </b></i><b>Mary O’Neill, University of South Dakota / South DakotaView</b><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com35tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-21811063641647753022013-01-31T14:19:00.003-08:002013-01-31T14:19:43.137-08:00Thoughts on post-event damage detectionThanks to an AmericaView mini-grant and the labor of some intrepid students we were able to do a detailed damage assessment of some of the areas in Vermont hardest hit by Hurricane Irene back in 2011. The pre-event imagery was sourced from the <a href="http://www.fsa.usda.gov/FSA/apfoapp?area=home&subject=prog&topic=nai" target="_blank">National Agricultural Imagery Program</a> and we obtained post-event <a href="http://combination.digitalglobe.com/" target="_blank">WorldView-2</a> imagery from the <a href="http://hdds.usgs.gov/hdds2/" target="_blank">USGS Hazard Data Distribution System</a> (HDDS). Below are some key take-away points for this type of work.<div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcYUCBi4EgCPI-lqvfnIUoFxdPOk3yGP03TXrx9ZUMjATgeuNXiKOoBWqHzBm1sjq0QqtChuXir9wogI_-xr3MI5RLVZsYbUHD5bwrzcZw45VJVYpdlMSFnEodNbR0ZJ3aL187JruE-dq7/s1600/Damage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcYUCBi4EgCPI-lqvfnIUoFxdPOk3yGP03TXrx9ZUMjATgeuNXiKOoBWqHzBm1sjq0QqtChuXir9wogI_-xr3MI5RLVZsYbUHD5bwrzcZw45VJVYpdlMSFnEodNbR0ZJ3aL187JruE-dq7/s400/Damage.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<ul>
<li>It's all about the resolution. As much as I love Landsat you really need high-resolution imagery, such as WorldView2, to see the type of damage causes by an Irene-type event.</li>
<li>Manual image interpretation. While we would like to think that all we need is imagery from two different dates and a press of the <a href="http://www.staples.com/product_606396" target="_blank">Staples Easy Button</a> to get results, the reality is much more complex. This is particularly true in post-event disaster response. Automated detection may help highlight areas of change, but chances are you will have to do it the old way to precisely quantify the damage. No one beats a human when it comes to high-resolution image analysis.</li>
<li>Georegistration is a challenge. Much of the imagery that was acquired post-Irene was done so at rather extreme look angles. Orthorectificaton did not yield promising results and it was time consuming. Thus, all the damage mapping was done on the more accurate pre-event imagery through good old fashioned terrain association. The offset is shown quite clearly in the above graphic.</li>
<li>Come up with a damage class domain. Lots of interpreters may be working on the same project and thus it really helps if you can come up with a list of damage types so that all of the datasets are consistent.</li>
<li>Work locally. The cloud and networks tend not to fare too well during disasters. Digitizing goes a heck of a lot faster when the imagery is stored locally.</li>
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Jarlath O'Neil-Dunnehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08554942198390184997noreply@blogger.com98tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-4077456969898780902013-01-31T08:28:00.000-08:002013-02-21T15:20:05.005-08:00Hazard Data Distribution System (HDDS) tutorialGeospatial data, particularly imagery, are crucial during disaster response. The USGS has a wonderful web-based application called the <a href="http://hdds.usgs.gov/hdds2/" target="_blank">Hazard Data Distribution System (HDDS)</a> that provides the capability to download incident related imagery. This <a href="http://www.uvm.edu/~joneildu/Video/AmericaView/HDDS/HDDS.html" target="_blank">video</a> provides a short overview of HDDS, demonstrating how to you can use HDDS to locate and download imagery for your area of interest. Please note that if you are involved in disaster response you will need to request permissions from the USGS to obtain access to the licensed imagery. For more info on HDDS please read the <a href="http://hdds.usgs.gov/hdds2/help/index" target="_blank">help pages</a>.<br />
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<a href="http://www.uvm.edu/~joneildu/Video/AmericaView/HDDS/HDDS.html" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMn6pUgWUlgmVb4Jqfv5I5x6fkIJkhY_M1mM7P5yDKBEuc8b0qTqVpwUdKxSICCz_4R64Titi4MGxFZ01oodFPlNfxJNQs_I7odizTzWgxoy3AQvhKWl7jnnuM-L8e9Isj2gTOhArjloqg/s400/hdds.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />Jarlath O'Neil-Dunnehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08554942198390184997noreply@blogger.com17tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-83184157023385362002013-01-29T11:57:00.000-08:002013-01-29T11:57:11.232-08:00Land Remote Sensing: Now for the iPad<br />
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<b>Landspotting</b> (<a href="http://www.landspotting.org/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #003366;">www.landspotting.org</a>), a recently released game for the iPad, allows players to characterize the landscape into simple and general land cover types (e.g. Urban, Trees, Grass, Water, Snow and Ice, Unknown, etc.) using their fingers to paint on high resolution satellite imagery. It is a tower-defense-game whereby players earn coins to buy new buildings, more warriors, and resources. The better the player paints, the more houses added to your village and the more warriors you have to protect against invaders.</div>
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However, the underlying goal of this game is crowd-sourcing the validation of global land cover types in order to improve global satellite-based land cover maps and products. The game was developed in cooperation with the Geo-Wiki.org project (<a href="http://www.geo-wiki.org/" rel="nofollow" style="color: #003366;">http://www.geo-wiki.org</a>). The game can be <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/landspotting/id586983235?mt=8&ign-mpt=uo%3D4" target="_blank">downloaded from iTunes</a>.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01903933487009946155noreply@blogger.com39tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-655918756764797453.post-41515755111013166802013-01-24T13:06:00.000-08:002013-01-24T13:06:28.759-08:00Host a LDCM / Landsat 8 Launch Party!<br />
Earth’s land cover is changing at an increasingly rapid rate, and these changes have dramatic impacts on our lives whether we know about them or not. Scientists use a variety of instruments to observe and quantify the changes in an ongoing attempt to better understand their ramifications on society, and on the ecosystems upon which we all depend.<br />
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Dating back to 1972 and <a href="http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/">free to the public</a>, the Landsat series of Earth observing satellites offers the longest and most comprehensive data set of the Earth’s surface from space. The future of the program, the Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM), is a collaboration between NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and is ready to take the next big step. On February 11th, 2013, Landsat 8 is scheduled to launch from Vandenberg Air Force base in California aboard an Atlas V rocket. To learn more about the LDCM, NASA has developed a video available <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?collection_id=74881&media_id=158308891">here</a>.<br />
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NASA and the USGS have been working on the LDCM for years. To celebrate the LDCM and raise awareness of the many benefits of this increasingly important civilian land imaging satellite, the Landsat Education and Public Outreach Team has put together a website of materials that people at universities, museums, community centers, or anywhere could use to hold their own launch party. They invite us all to participate in this exciting and historic milestone in humanity's efforts to make our Earth more livable and sustainable. You can join others around the world in celebration of this much-anticipated event by hosting a launch party! Planning and hosting your own launch party with NASA resources is fun and easy, and it's a wonderful way to engage your community in your interests and the work you do.<br />
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Everything you need to host a great party and join in the launch fun is at your fingertips, right <a href="http://launchkit-ldcm.gsfc.nasa.gov/">here</a>.<br />
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You will find activities and decorations to make your party fun for all ages. You'll be able to watch the launch and associated events live, including talks from NASA and USGS scientists and engineers.<br />
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Enjoy the celebration of the LDCM, and please pass this information on to others.<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com17